本节内容
uwsgi 介绍
uwsgi安装使用
nginx安装配置
django with nginx
### 如何在生产上部署Django?
Django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。
### uwsgi介绍
uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。
要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。
1. WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx，uWSGI等服务器）与web应用（如用Flask框架写的程序）通信的一种规范。
2. uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议，在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。
3. 而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。
4. uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information），每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述，它与WSGI相比是两样东西。
**uwsgi性能非常高**
uWSGI的主要特点如下
1. 超快的性能
2. 低内存占用（实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）
3. 多app管理（终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-）
4. 详尽的日志功能（可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈）
5. 高度可定制（内存大小限制，服务一定次数后重启等）
总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东，正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的：
_`If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.`_
### Uwsgi 安装使用
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`# Install the latest stable release:`
`pip install uwsgi`
`# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,`
`pip install https:``/``/``projects.unbit.it``/``downloads``/``uwsgi``-``lts.tar.gz`
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基本测试
Create a file called `test.py`:
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`# test.py`
`def` `application(env, start_response):`
` ``start_response(``'200 OK'``, [(``'Content-Type'``,``'text/html'``)])`
` ``return` `[b``"Hello World"``] ``# python3`
` ``#return ["Hello World"] # python2`
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运行
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`uwsgi ``-``-``http :``8000` `-``-``wsgi``-``file` `test.py`
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#### 用uwsgi 启动django
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`uwsgi ``-``-``http :``8000` `-``-``module mysite.wsgi`
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可以把参数写到配置文件里
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`alex@alex``-``ubuntu:~``/``uwsgi``-``test$ more crazye``-``uwsgi.ini `
`[uwsgi]`
`http ``=` `:``9000`
`#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx`
`socket ``=` `127.0``.``0.1``:``8001`
`# the base directory (full path)`
`chdir ``=` `/``home``/``alex``/``CrazyEye `
`# Django's wsgi file`
`wsgi``-``file` `=` `CrazyEye``/``wsgi.py`
`# maximum number of worker processes`
`processes ``=` `4`
`#thread numbers startched in each worker process`
`threads ``=` `2`
`#monitor uwsgi status `
`stats ``=` `127.0``.``0.1``:``9191`
`# clear environment on exit`
`vacuum ``=` `true`
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启动
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`/``usr``/``local``/``bin``/``uwsgi crazye``-``uwsgi.ini`
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### Nginx安装使用
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`sudo apt``-``get install nginx`
`sudo ``/``etc``/``init.d``/``nginx start ``# start nginx`
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#### 为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件
You will need the `uwsgi_params` file, which is available in the `nginx` directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from [https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params](https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params)
Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.
Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:
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`# mysite_nginx.conf`
`# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to`
`upstream django {`
` ``# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket`
` ``server ``127.0``.``0.1``:``8001``; ``# for a web port socket (we'll use this first)`
`}`
`# configuration of the server`
`server {`
` ``# the port your site will be served on`
` ``listen ``8000``;`
` ``# the domain name it will serve for`
` ``server_name .example.com; ``# substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN`
` ``charset utf``-``8``;`
` ``# max upload size`
` ``client_max_body_size ``75M``; ``# adjust to taste`
` ``# Django media`
` ``location ``/``media {`
` ``alias ``/``path``/``to``/``your``/``mysite``/``media; ``# your Django project's media files - amend as required`
` ``}`
` ``location ``/``static {`
` ``alias ``/``path``/``to``/``your``/``mysite``/``static; ``# your Django project's static files - amend as required`
` ``}`
` ``# Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.`
` ``location ``/` `{`
` ``uwsgi_pass django;`
` ``include ``/``path``/``to``/``your``/``mysite``/``uwsgi_params; ``# the uwsgi_params file you installed`
` ``}`
`}`
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This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.
Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:
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`sudo ln ``-``s ~``/``path``/``to``/``your``/``mysite``/``mysite_nginx.conf ``/``etc``/``nginx``/``sites``-``enabled``/`
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#### Deploying static files
Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:
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`STATIC_ROOT ``=` `os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ``"static/"``)`
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and then run
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`python manage.py collectstatic`
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此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦！
_``_
